Which of the following is an example of formal communication?

The correct answer is the employee’s manual, as it represents formal communication within an organization. Formal communication typically involves structured, official, and documented methods of conveying information. An employee’s manual contains guidelines, policies, procedures, and expectations for behavior within the workplace, clearly outlining roles and responsibilities. This type of communication is designed to ensure consistency, clarity, and uniformity in the messages delivered across the organization.

In contrast, team brainstorming sessions and casual conversations among colleagues tend to be more informal and spontaneous forms of communication, which may lack the structure and official nature found in formal communication methods. Managers greeting staff is also an example of informal communication, often serving to build rapport rather than convey specific policies or procedures. Thus, the employee's manual stands out as the only instance of formal communication among the provided options.